Coke oven



Patented Dec. 28, 1937 UNITED STATES 2,103,620 COKE OVEN Gwynne Cellan-J ones, Linthorpe, Middlesbrough, England Application November 9, 1936, Serial No. 109,817

7 In Great Britain November 20, 1935 Claims.

This invention relates to coke ovens, the object being to provide improvements therein.

According to this invention the coke ovens comprise a series of longitudinal retorts, heating 5 units being disposed between adjacent retorts,

each heating unit comprising two series of vertical flues, one series of vertical flues being disposed along one side of the heating unit and adjacent one retort, the other series ofvertical flues being disposed along the other side of the heating unit and adjacent the other retort, a series of chambers disposed at the bottoms of and communicating with the vertical flues, each chamber, except the end chambers, only communicating with vertical flues in one series thereof, supply passages by which combusted gases pass from suitable burners to the chambers, a horizontal flue disposed above and communicating with both series of vertical flues, a horizontal waste gas flue disposed below the soleof the retort, and at least one flue connecting the upper and lower horizontal flues, each chamber being connected to a pair of adjacent vertical flues, successive chambers being connected to pairs of adjacent vertical fiuesin alternate series thereof, that is, at alternate sides of the heating unit, the communications between the vertical flues and the upper horizontal flue being. damper controlled. V There may be one or more horizontal flues disposed in line above the vertical flues, the vertical flues being arranged in groups, one group, comprising vertical flues in both series, being connected to one horizontal flue. Each horizontal flue may be entirely separate from the others or dampers may be provided to allow all horizontal flues in a heating unit to communicate with each other. Each horizontal flue in a heating unit is provided with a separate flue for communicating I with the lower horizontal waste gas flue.

Referring to the accompanying drawings: Fig. 1 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional elevation of one form of coke oven constructed in accordance with the invention, the section being taken on a line corresponding to line AA of Fig. 4; and

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional elevation, taken on a line corresponding to line B-B of Fig. 4. V V

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional elevation, taken on a line corresponding to line 0-0 of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional elevation, taken on a line corresponding to line D--D of Fig. 2.

Figs. 5, 6 and '7 are sectional plan views, taken on lines corresponding to lines EE, F-F, and G-G, respectively, of Fig. 4.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional elevation showing a modified form of coke oven.

In the form of coke oven shown in Figs. 1 to 7, 5 a plurality of horizontal retorts l are provided to form a battery. Between adjacent retorts are disposed heating units 2. Each heating unit comprises two series of vertical flues 3, 4, one series 3 being'disposed at one side of the heating unit and adjacent one retort, the other series 4 being disposed at the other side of the heating unit and adjacent the other retort. Along the heating unit and below the series of vertical flues 3, 4 is disposed a series of chambers 5. The chambers 5 are preferably disposed medially below the two series of vertical flues 3, 4. Each chamber 5 is connected to two adjacent vertical flues 3 or 4 in one series thereof by suitable ports 6 at the bottom of the flues, and for this purpose the chamber may be disposed medially opposite the said two flues in side elevation, that is, it is staggered relatively to the vertical fluesi Successive chambers 5 are connected to vertical flues on alternate sides of the heating unit. For example, as shown in Fig. 6, the second, fourth and sixth chambers 5 from the left end are connected to the second and third, fourth and fifth, and sixth and seventh vertical flues 3, respectively, on one side of the heating unit, whilst the third, fifth, and seventh chambers 5 are connected to the third and fourth, fifth and sixth, and seventh and eighth vertical flues 4, respectively, on the other side of the heating unit. The first chamber 5 is preferably connected only to the first Vertical flue 3 on one side of the heating unit and to the first and second vertical flues 4 on the other side of the heating unit, and the end wall of the oven may also be heated from this chamber.

A horizontal flue l is disposed above vertical flues 3, 4, and all the vertical flues, in both serieson both sides of the heating unit, communicate therewith by suitable ports 8 at their upper ends. The ports 8 are each controlled by a damper. 9. 45 A horizontal waste gas flue I0 is disposed below the sole II of each retort l, and flues I3 and I4, vertical or substantially so, provided at one end of the oven to provide communication between the horizontal flue 1 and the waste gas flue Ill. 5 The flues l3 and M are preferably disposed at the end of the waste gas flue l0 remote from the connection of the flue ID to the waste gas main.

The vertical flue I3 is permanently open to the horizontal flue 1, Whilst theflue I4 is controlled stitute Bunsen burners.

Primary supplies of air are supplied to the burners 2! to mix with the gas supplied thereto from the main l8 and the gases are partially combusted at the upper ends of the pipes E8. Secondary supplies of air enter the conduits 23 at the bottom ends thereof and meet the partially combusted gases above the upper ends of the pipes 13, combustion of the gases being thereby completed.

The products of combustion enter the chambers 5. They then enter and rise in the vertical flues 3, 4, thence passing to the horizontal flue 1, down the vertical flues l3 and It, and on to the horizontal flue it! below the sole of the retort. The passage of gases into the vertical flues 3, 4 is controlled by the dampers 9. The sole ll of the retort l is heated by the hot gases passing through the flue Ill.

The upper ends of the pipes l8 may be disposed near the upper ends of the conduits Ell so that combustion of the gases is completed in the chambers 5 with the aid of the secondary supplies of air.

For convenience of illustration, all dampers are shown in the closed positions.

A coke oven constructed in accordance with this invention enables exact control of combustion conditions to be obtained.

For example, control of the supply of gas to the burners 2! will control the heat applied to the walls of the retorts. If the gas supply is cut off to the burners 2! in the pipes i8 leading to alternate chambers 5, other than the end chambers, for example, the chambers connected to the vertical flues 3, no hot gases will be supplied to the flues 3 and the side wall of the adjacent retort will not be heated, whilst, if the gas supply is retained to the remaining burners 2|, that is, leading through the remaining chambers 5 to the vertical flues Q, the side wall of the other retort, that is, adjacent the flues 4. will be heated. Furthermore, the heat applied to a retort, for example, by way of the vertical flues 3, may be controlled horizontally of the retort by shutting off or otherwise controlling the supply of gas to some of burners 2| leading to the flues 3 so that more or less heat may be applied at desired points along the retort as required. Again, more delicate control of the heat applied to the retort may be obtained by closing wholly or partially the damper 9 over one of a pair of flues 3 leading from one chamber 5 so that hot gases'are restrained from passing through that flue or less gas is allowed to pass therethrough than through the associated flue 3. The passage of hot gases through the whole of a heating unit 2 may be controlled by means of the damper iii so that the flue 53 only is in use, or the flue i3 is in use in conjunction with the flue it wholly or partially open.

In the modified arrangement shown in Fig. 8 there may be two or more horizontal fiues above the vertical flues 3, 4 in each heating unit, all the horizontal flues being in alignment. Two such flues l and 22 are shown in Fig. 8. The vertical flues 3, 4 below each horizontal flue I, 22 communicate with that flue only, the efiect being that the vertical flues in both series are arranged in groups, each group being provided with a horizontal flue E or 22. All the vertical flues 3, d from one end of the oven to the centre communicate with one flue 22, and all the vertical flues from the centre of the oven to the other end communicate with the other flue E. The horizontal flue 1 is provided with the vertical flues l3 and it, as hereinbefore described, communicating with the horizontal waste gas flue 18, whilst the horizontal flue 22 is provided with a vertical flue 23 also communicating with the horizontal flue it. The flue 23 may be controlled by a damper 2a. A damper 25 may be provided so that the flues i and 22 in a heating unit may communicate with each other, or may be separated from each other. I-Ieat distribution longitudinally of the retort is thereby efiectively controlled. In some cases, a permanent partition may be provided instead of the damper 25 so that the flues l and 22 are permanently separated from each other.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. Coke ovens comprising a series of elongated retorts, heating units disposed between adjacent retorts, and means for carrying oil" gases from said units, each heating unit comprising two series of vertical flues, one series of vertical flues being disposed along one side of the heating unit and adjacent one retort, the other series of vertical flues being disposed along the other side of the heating unit and adjacent the other retort, a series of chambers disposed at the bottom of and communicating with the vertical flues, each chamber only communicating with vertical flues in one series thereof, supply passages by which combusted gases pass from suitable burners to the said chambers, an upper horizontal flue disposed above and communicating with both series of vertical flues, a lower horizontal waste gas flue disposed below the sole of the retort. and at least one flue connecting the upper and lower horizontal flues, each chamber being connected to a pair of adjacent vertical flues, successive chambers being connected to pairs of ad jacent vertical flues in alternate series thereof. that is, at alternate sides of the heating unit, the communications between the vertical flues and the upper horizontal flue being damper controlled.

2. Coke ovens, as claimed in claim 1, each chamber being staggered transversely relatively to the vertical flues with which it communicates, an end chamber being connected to the two vertical flues at the adjacent end of one series thereof and the vertical flue at the adjacent end of the other series thereof.

3. Coke ovens, as claimed in claim 1, a secondary supply of air being provided to assist in completing combustion of the gases in the chambers or prior to entry of the gases to the charmbers.

l. Coke ovens, as claimed in claim 1, two flues providing communication between the upper and lower horizontal flues, one of said communicating flues being damper controlled and the other being permanently open to the horizontal flues.

5. Coke ovens, as claimed in claim 1, two or more upper horizontal flues being disposed above and communicating with the vertical flues, all said upper horizontal flues being in alignment, each upper horizontal flue being in communication with a group of vertical flues of both series thereof, and each upper horizontal flue being provided with a flue to provide communication between said upper horizontal flue and the lower horizontal waste gas flue.

6. Coke ovens, as claimed in claim 1, two or more upper horizontal flues being disposed above and communicating with the vertical flues, all said upper horizontal flues being in alignment, each upper horizontal flue being in communication with agroupof vertical flues of both series thereof, and each upper-horizontal flue being provided with a flue to provide communication between said upper horizontal flue and the lower horizontal waste gas flue, dampers being provided between adjacent upper horizontal flues so that the latter may communicate with or be separated from each other.

'7. Coke ovens, as claimed in claim 1, two or more upper horizontal flues being disposed above and communicating with the vertical flues, all said upper horizontal flues being in alignment, each upper horizontal flue being in communication with a group of vertical flues of both series thereof, and each upper horizontal flue being provided with a'flue to provide communication between said upper horizontal flue and the lower horizontal waste gas flue, partition walls being provided between adjacent upper horizontal flues so that the latter are permanently separated from each other.

8. Coke ovens, as claimed in claim 1, one or more passages being provided, aflording a secondary supply of air to assist in completing combustion of the gases employed for providing heat for the heating unit.

9. Coke ovens, as claimed inclaim 1, two or more upper horizontal flues being disposed above and communicating with the vertical flues, each upper horizontal flue being in communication with a group of vertical flues of both series thereof, and each upper horizontal flue being provided with a flue to provide communication between.

said upper horizontal flue and the lower horizontal waste gas flue.

10. Coke ovens, as claimed in claim 1, two or more upper horizontal flues being disposed above and communicating with the vertical flues, all said upper horizontal flues being in alignment, each upper horizontal flue being in communication with a group of vertical flues of both series thereof, and each upper horizontal flue being provided with a flue to provide communication between said upper horizontal flue and the lower horizontal waste gas flue, dampers being provided between adjacent upper horizontal flues so that the latter may communicate with or be separated from each other.

11. Coke ovens, as claimed in claim 1, two or more upper horizontal flues being disposed above and communicating with the vertical flues, each upper horizontal flue being in communication with a group of vertical flues of both series thereof, and each upper horizontal flue being provided with a flue to provide communication between said upper horizontal flue and the lower horizon tal waste gas flue, partition walls being provided between adjacent upper horizontal flues so that the latter are permanently separated from each other.

12. Coke ovens, as claimed in claim 1, two or more upper horizontal flues being disposed above and communicating with the vertical flues, each upper horizontal flue being in communication with a group of vertical flues of both series thereof, and each upper horizontal flue being provided said upper horizontal flues being in alignment,

each upper horizontal flue being in communication with a'group of vertical flues of both series thereof, and each upper horizontal flue being pro vided with a flue to provide communication between said upper horizontal flue and the lower horizontal waste gas flue, dampers being provided between adjacent upper horizontal flues so that the latter may communicate with or be separated from each other.

14. Coke ovens, as claimed in claim 1, a secondary supply of air being provided to assist in completing combustion of the gases in the chambers or prior to entry of the gases to the chambers, two flues providing communication between the upper and lower horizontal flues, one of said commnmication flues being damper controlled, and the other being permanently open to the horizontal flues, two or more upper horizontal flues being disposed above and communicating with the vertical flues, each upper horizontal flue being in communication with a group of vertical flues of both series thereof, and each upper horizontal flue being provided with a flue to provide communication between said upper horizontal flue and the lower horizontal waste gas flue, partition walls being provided between adjacent upper horizontal flues so that thehorizontal flues are permanently separated from each other.

15. Coke ovensv as claimed in claim 1, each chamber being staggered transversely relatively to the vertical flues with which it communicates, an end chamber being connected to the two vertical flues at the adjacent end of one series thereof and the vertical flue at the adjacent end of the other series thereof, a secondary supply of air being provided to assist in completing com.-

bustion of the gases in the chambers or prior to entry of the gases to the chambers.

16. Coke ovens as claimed in claim 1, each chamber being staggered transversely relatively to the vertical flues with which it communicates, an end chamber being connected to the two vertical flues at the adjacent end of the other series thereof, two fl-ues providing communication between, the upper and lower horizontal flues, one of said communication flues being damper controlled and the other being permanently open to the horizontal flues.

l7. Coke ovens as claimed in claim. 1, each chamber being staggered transversely relatively to the vertical flues with which it communicates, an end chamber being connected to the two vertical flues at the adjacent end of one series thereof and the vertical flue at the adjacent end of the other series thereof, two or more upper horizontal flues being disposed above and communicating with the vertical flues, all said upper horizontal flues being in alignment, each upper horizontal flue being in communication with a group of vertical flues of both series thereof, and each upper horizontal flue being provided with a flue to provide communication between said upper horizontal flue and the lower horizontal waste gas flue.

l8. Coke ovens, as claimed in claim 1, two flues providing communication between the upper and lower horizontal flues, one of said communication flues being damper controlled and the other being permanently open to the horizontal flues, two or more upper horizontal flues being disposed above and communicating with the vertical flues, all said upper horizontal flues being in alignment, each upper horizontal flue being in communication with a group of vertical flues of both series thereof, and each horizontal flue being provided with a flue to provide communication between said upper horizontal flue and the lower horizontal waste gas flue.

19. Coke ovens as claimed in claim 1, two flues providing communication between the upper and lower horizontal flues, one of said communication flues being damper controlled and the other being permanently open to the horizontal flues, two or more upper horizontal flues being disposed above and communicating with the vertical flues, all said upper horizontal flues being in alignment,

each upper horizontal flue being in communication with a group of vertical flues of both series thereof, and each upper horizontal flue being provided with a flue to provide communication between said upper horizontal flue and the lower horizontal waste gas flue, dampers being provided between adjacent upper horizontal flues so that the latter may communicate with or be separated from each other.

20. Coke ovens as claimed in claim 1, two flues providing communication between the upper and lower horizontal flues, one of said communication flues being damper controlled and the other flue being permanently open to the horizontal flues, two or more upper horizontal flues being disposed above and communicating with the vertical flues, all of said upper horizontal flues being in alignment, each upper horizontal flue being in communication with a group of vertical flues of both series thereof, and each upper horizontal flue being provided with a flue to provide communication between said upper horizontal flue and the lower horizontal waste gas flue, partition Walls being provided between adjacent upper horizontal flues so that the latter are permanently separated from each other.

GWYNNE CELLAN-J ONES. 

